Yoga Therapy for Perfectionism

by Beth Gibbs
Beth's Closet
My name is Beth and I am a Perfectionist! Some of you may recognize yourself in this article but may not be ready to come out of the closet. And you know which closet I mean: that perfectly organized closet, coordinated by color; organized by tops, pants, jackets, dress clothes and by shoe type, all perfectly aligned. And for the sake of brevity, we will not discuss your linen closet or kitchen cabinets.

Before I entered recovery, I spent years perfecting my Perfectionism to hide my ignorance of “Reality” and convince the world, and myself, that I was indeed “perfect.” And because I’m in recovery, I can share that ignorance/avidya, in which I go “pitta provoked” when folks do something I consider lame, dumb, or disorganized. First I fall headlong into anamayakosha aggravation—my shoulders shrug, my chest tightens, and my knees freeze. Then it’s straight into pranamayakosha pushback, where I suck up mass quantities of red earth energy from my first chakra, completely bypass the second chakra, and shove that fiery red anger into my third chakra, where it erupts into volcanic lava (I know you might not get the next few cultural references but you will get the idea). And it’s enough to make a sistah take off her earrings, put her hands on her hips, go into full head-neck roll, and progress into manomayakosha meltdown and scream, “OH NO YOU BETTA’ DON’T!” But, of course, that’s all internal. Remember, I’m a Perfectionist—gotta appear cool, calm, collected, and “large and in charge” to the world.

That changed suddenly as I was wrestling with a long stretch of enforced inactivity after an emergency hysterectomy. The resting was hard. My life had been reduced to a standstill—a holding pattern—a lateral drift. Being forced to give up “doing” to experience “being” was a struggle. During that scary, restless time I often sat on the back deck of the house I lived in at the time. The view was peaceful: a pond, a state forest, and a huge weeping cherry tree. One day in early spring, the first pink blossom appeared on the drooping branches of that tree and I watched it with focused fascination. Over the next few days it bloomed in all of its ordinary magic. As that bud blossomed, something inside me blossomed as well. An insight emerged full-blown from the depths of somewhere into my conscious mind. A thought popped, "There is another way to live and I have got to find it." At that moment, my recovery from Perfectionism began.

What is Perfectionism?

First I needed an answer to the question, “What is Perfectionism?” I considered this question first from the allopathic perspective: is Perfectionism a disease or a mental disorder? The answer is that Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality characteristic that has both positive and negative effects. In terms of negative effects, a Google search turned up some really disturbing side effects for Perfectionism that goes too far:
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Panic attacks
  • Eating Disorders (whew, that’s one I never had to worry about)
  • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (uh oh—remember the closets?)
  • Thoughts of suicide. Research says that perfectionists are more likely to kill themselves than regular, mediocre-performing people. 
  • Workaholism (hmmmm, sound familiar?)
  • Low self-esteem (sigh—yeah, that’s a factor for sure)
  • Chronic stress (maybe that’s the source of the bald spots, skin rashes and constipation?)
  • Heart disease
  • Substance abuse (I wonder if chocolate counts?)
If the American Medical Association ever declares Perfectionism a true disease, we would quickly see a drug developed for it and if we had one, it could be called: Perfectomayacin, “One pill a day and Perfectionism goes away.” Yogis please note the word “maya” embedded in “Perfectomayacin.”

But the side effects of Perfectomayacin would need to be considered. There are side effects to all drugs. They come right along with the fix. TV commercials, filled with smiling bubbly, happy people running through grassy fields, walking hand in hand, or playing with puppies would first extol the benefits of Perfectomayacin and then follow up with the side effects which might include the following:

  1. Do not take Perfectomayacin if you are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant.
  2. If taking Perfectomayacin, do not eat sweets or drink alcohol (What?! Dessert is my favorite food group!).
  3. Drowsiness, dizziness, nasal irritation, insomnia, nausea and projectile vomiting (boy, that would destroy my image at a business meeting).
Maybe my recovery would have been faster if Perfectomayacin had been available but the slower process of working with my koshas and kleshas to wake the witness so I could deal with my core beliefs has yielded a much more balanced “relative reality.” 

A Yogic Perspective

So with no quick fix in sight, I looked at Perfectionism from the yogic perspective. I recognized the symptoms of anamayakosha aggravation, pranamayakosha pushback, and the manomayakosha meltdown. So I then explored the kleshas. I found that my perfectionist behaviors reflect ALL of the kleshas. Let’s go through them one by one:

Avidya/Not seeing things as they are: Clearly I do not see things as they are if I think for one minute I’m superior to others—and I sometimes do! I’m in recovery; it’s a process.

Asmita/Ego: I see something lame, dumb or disorganized (my opinion), and I want to say, “I know what your problem is, I have time to tell you about it and can give you a complete list of all the things you need to do to fix yourself.”

Raga/Attachment: I’ll dot every “i” and cross every “t” because it’s got to be perfect! But it’s never perfect (to my standards), and the emotional spiral of deflation, anger,and guilt kicks in, followed by my grand defense mechanism: the blame game. It’s someone else’s fault (this one sucks wind big-time!)

Dvesha/Avoidance/Unreasonable Dislikes: I don’t like other Perfectionists because they think they’re better than me. And, OMG, they just might be!

Abinivesha/Fear: If they really knew me, they’d know I’m a fake. Then they wouldn’t like me and that could increase the intensity of side effects like depression, anxiety, panic attacks and projectile vomiting (sigh).

So, when my discomfort and angst reached their limit, I designed for myself a yoga therapy program for Perfectionism. Here’s a sample:

  1. Grounding postures like Downward-Facing Dog pose, Child’s Pose and Legs Up the Chair Pose (Easy Inverted Pose) calm anamayakosha aggravation.
  2. Cooling breaths like Kaki Breath and Relaxation Breathing calm pranamayakosha pushback. 
  3. Mudras like Adhi Mudra and Chinmaya are grounding and reduce the incidence of manomayakosha meltdown.
Calming Anamayakosha Aggravation
Yoga Therapy for Perfectionism

With a heavy dose of tapas, I plunged into the full application of yoga therapy and over time discovered that the energetic intensity of my Perfectionism decreased. My kleshas shifted and I discovered the happy side effects of yoga therapy for Perfectionism:

Avidya/Not seeing things as they are: My ignorance reduced from 100% to about 55 – 60%, and I see more clearly that I’m not superior to everyone else (only to a few members of my family; a couple of friends, and colleagues—remember, I’m in recovery, so it’s a process).

Asmita/Ego: With practice, I reduced the incidents of my manomayakosha meltdowns and I don’t give advice unless I’m asked for it (most of the time).

Raga/Attachment: According to Sri Swami Pratyagbodhananda, (a very wise man) all outcomes to any actions will be either 1) expected, 2) more than expected, 3) less than expected, or 4) unexpected. I now realize that I can influence outcomes but I do not control them (still getting used to that one!).

Dvesha/Avoidance/Unreasonable Dislikes: Everyone has a part to play so I’m OK and you’re OK (Well mostly OK except for a few members of my family; a couple of friends and colleagues—remember, I’m in recovery, so it’s a process).

Abinivesha/ Fear: A thank you to Sen. Al Franken and his movie “Stuart Saves His Family.” Regarding fear, Stuart says, “Let’s face it, trace it, erase it.” And yoga therapy would add, “replace it with a Bhavana like his, “I’m good enough, I’m smart enough and, doggone it, people like me!” (and I’m perfectly OK if they don’t).

Beth Gibbs, MA, E-RYT 500, is a certified yoga therapist through Integrative Yoga Therapy. She is a senior member of the IYT teaching faculty and directs the school’s Professional Yoga Therapist Internship Program. Beth has a Masters degree in Yoga Therapy and Mind/Body Health from Lesley University in Cambridge, MA, and has served on the Educational Standards Committee for the International Association of Yoga Therapists. Her website is: proyogatherapeutics.com.

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Reducing Cellular Stress with Yoga

by Ram
Blooming by Melina Meza
Cortisol is a steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal cortex and is released in response to stress and low blood glucose concentration. It is involved in numerous physiological activities, including regulation of blood sugar, metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrate, suppression of inflammation, activation of anti-stress pathways and influence on behavior and moods. The hormone’s response to stress includes:
  • metabolizing glucose as an energy source
  • mobilizing fat and proteins as a stand-by fuel
  • triggering the immune response
  • increasing the heartbeat, blood pressure, and mental alertness, all of which help in warding off the stress
In a well-balanced individual, cortisol is part of an elegant system that helps cope with short-term stressful situations by providing fuel in the form of glucose, mobilizing fat and proteins as standby fuel systems, and modifying the immune response, heartbeat, blood pressure, brain alertness and the response of the nervous system to get us through the stressful situations (see Cortisol and Good Health). However any imbalance in the cortisol levels can be deleterious. Chronic elevated levels of cortisol result in several negative effects, including decreased cognitive function, disturbed thyroid function, excess sugar in the blood stream and more chance of developing diabetes, loss of immunity, increased risk of stomach ulcers, elevated blood pressure, increased risk of hypertension, heart disease and other vascular disorders, and decreased muscle mass and bone density. In contrast, chronically low levels of cortisol (this is typically associated with a condition called Adrenal Fatigue) can also be dangerous as it may trigger brain fog and depression, severe fatigue, low blood pressure, poor immune function, and inflammation.

After it is synthesized by the adrenals, cortisol is released into the blood stream where it gets bound to large proteins that facilitate its transport throughout the body. A small fraction of unbound free cortisol that is thought to be biologically active diffuses into cells and other bodily fluids. On a daily basis, a bit of cortisol is released in the early morning hours that help with the morning chores. The morning cortisol triggers the release of sugar into the blood stream and facilitates more blood to the brain and heart, all of which arouses us and puts us into action. In contrast, the level of cortisol gradually diminishes to its lowest levels around 10pm to coincide with the low physical activity in the night coupled with the sleep response. Salivary cortisol is perhaps the most reliable source for measuring the levels of cortisol. The concentration of cortisol in saliva accurately reflects the level of free cortisol in blood. Cortisol levels normally fluctuate throughout the day and night (diurnal variation), with a peak rise in levels at about 8 am and ebbing at around 4 am. To properly measure cortisol levels, saliva is collected four times in a day.

The adrenals secrete cortisol in response to a stressful situation, with the cortisol levels returning to normal following the stressful event. What is very important is that adrenals need time to recover after a stressful situation so they can do their job well if exposed to another stressful event. Unfortunately, in our present day high-stress environment, the body’s stress response is activated very frequently leaving very little recovery time for the adrenals. As a result, the adrenals are constantly under high alert and cortisol gets continuously released into the system. So cortisol levels remain high in the blood stream for greater periods of time, which can result in swelling of the adrenal gland itself, and an increased chance of all the negative effects as mentioned earlier (see Not So Sweet: Cortisol and the Problem with Sugar). The good news is that a regular yoga practice, including some restorative poses, guided meditations, and Savasana, regulates the cortisol levels so they are in balance, thereby keeping the adrenals healthy. 

Further confirmation about the role of yoga in regulating the cortisol levels comes from a recent study on cancer patients Effect of Iyengar yoga practice on fatigue and diurnal salivary cortisol concentration in breast cancer survivors. Breast cancer survivors are at risk for chronic stress-related mental issues that alter the activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, resulting in aberrant regulation of cortisol secretion, increased risk of immune dysfunction, and accelerated cancer progression. To study the effect of a yoga practice on cortisol secretion in breast cancer patients, researchers enrolled two groups of breast cancer survivors: one group that consisted of 9 individuals who attended a yoga practice for 90 minutes twice weekly for 8 weeks and a second group of 9 waitlisted individuals that served as a control group. The outcome measures included self-perceived psychosocial function and diurnal salivary cortisol secretion. The practice involved asanas in the Iyengar tradition that progressively increased in difficulty as participants gained strength and flexibility. The tests were conducted at baseline and after the 8-week study. Both groups completed a self report to document various aspects of psychosocial and physical functioning, and also collected salivary samples for cortisol analysis four times during the day for two consecutive days. 

Not surprisingly, the yoga group had lower morning (8 am) and evening (5 pm) salivary cortisol and improved emotional wellbeing and fatigue scores compared to the control group, suggesting that a regular yoga practice may be a low risk, cost effective way to recover from physical and emotional stress, fatigue, and to regulate the levels of cortisol. The researchers postulate that yoga may impact the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response to stress, possibly via direct vagal stimulation (see Vagal Tone and Yoga). In short, yoga may impact the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems together resulting in lowered cellular stress. Time to unroll the mat!

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Life is Not a Problem

by Nina
In the Kusama Room by Brad Gibson
When I was in Holland and Denmark, the last couple of weeks, I was dealing long-distance with a family situation. It was hard to be so far away and be unable to help in person, and I even considered cutting the trip short and going back home in the hopes that my physical presence could help solve some of my family member’s problems (I’m being purposefully vague here, to protect someone’s privacy). Brad thought I should wait because the situation was still unfolding and he felt I could be of more use at a later date. So for a while, I just monitored the situation from afar, mostly texting back and forth because my family member was afraid a phone conversation would be too emotional. 

After a few days of that, I started getting more and more anxious myself. One night in Copenhagen, I started to recognize the physical and emotional symptoms that I experience when in high stress mode (which can lead to an anxiety attack). So I asked Brad to step in for me temporarily and I took some time to calm myself down by practicing—if you know me at all by now you can probably guess—Legs Up the Wall pose (see Featured Pose: Legs Up the Wall Pose). As always, that helped me quiet my nervous system. (Thank you, supported inverted poses!)

But even after that I was still worrying in general about my family member, and what I should or should not do about the situation. So I was up very early the next morning, unable to sleep in even though I was on vacation. What I did with my time was to spend some time researching Copenhagen to see which more offbeat things I could come up with to do (most people just tell you to visit the castles, which is kind of like saying when in New York, visit the Statue of Liberty). And I remembered then that Kierkegaard, a philosopher who Brad and I both studied about in college, was from Copenhagen. So I started reading up on him. And when I found a list of some of his most famous quotes, one jumped out at me:

“Life is not a problem to be solved, but a reality to be experienced.” —Soren Kierkegaard

I instantly felt a sense of relief. Somehow just reading this statement allowed me to step back a bit from the family situation and let go of my attachment to the outcomes of my actions. I was still going to be helping as much as I could, of course, but anxiety started to lessen. Kierkegaard’s thought (he was considered to the first Existentialist) seemed very yogic to me and seemed related to the concept of detachment (see Acceptance, Active Engagement and the Bhagavad Gita). Today I’m trying to find a quote that reflects that same concept, and for now, the best I can do is this quote from the Bhagavad Gita, in which Krishna explains to Arjuna that a yogi is one:

“Who unperturbed by changing conditions sits apart and watches and says “the powers of nature go round”, and remains firm and shakes not.” —translation by Juan Mascaro

When Brad woke up, I excitedly told him what I had discovered. He loved the quote, too, and we started to wonder if we might visit Kierkegaard’s grave. A little research told us that he was buried in a graveyard quite far from where we were staying, and we decided that we didn’t want to give up a whole day in the city just to go there. But we did keep talking about Kierkegaard as we walked about his city, and almost took on that quote of his as a mantra.

One way Brad and I are compatible is in the way we like to explore a new city. We go everywhere on foot without a big agenda and spontaneously explore the things we stumble upon. For example, one day our agenda was simply to check out the oldest bakery in the city and try the snegles (cinnamon rolls!), and we ended up passing by the Round Tower on our way there so we went on in (it turned out to be one of the most beautiful interior spaces I’ve ever been in). On our last afternoon, we decided to walk back to our apartment a different way just to see what we might see, and ended up walking past the Royal Library, which was not a destination we would ever have picked. And, lo and behold, there it was, in the library garden, a beautiful statute of Kierkegaard.
Kierkegaard Statue by Brad Gibson
P.S. If you look closely at the photo of the Kusama room, you can see our reflections.

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